WPCs OR_Mw #s'gW^P^QDOɧݽ-G'n&ȣ0GehM41߱Vx?8G`r,h$A{&O9hEls(7[# ʫW5@X]ｏ3Clf˜#kEi@V|)兇%IeOOLR}xN5u|#+`wzO$Vڙt97UUgtRy<_/)*c'ӑB +̒(#!0 %Q 0DW 0(U: 0UNU F^ Ww@c4 mNEfa K  U. U> U :C *}  D)UB bNNNNNNN BVHP LaserJet 4,,,,,,0X(#$  0  ($<6X9`("Courier NewTT(d:2B$ !    =&Xdd=    0  vr Z6Times New Roman RegularQ 9Z+.Courier New Regulars+ EE:UEӀD6S+:i+003|xULevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5TABLE ALevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5<6X9`(CourierL AZ&Univers Regular  AZ"Arial Regular  u$      1    _Sincethelowercourtheremadenofindingsoffact,but  insteaddeniedthemotionwithoutcomment,itseemsthestandardofreviewhereshouldbedenovo.  u$      2    _Ifthiswerethecourtsintentionhere,however,theactual  sentence13.7yearswouldhavebeen13years,eightandfourtenthsmonths(fourtenth'sofamonthbeingapproximately12days).Itseemshighlyunlikelythatthiswasthecourtsintention.  u$      3    _Forinstance,wheretheyearsandmonthsageofachildis  significant,oneoccasionallyhearsthatageexpressedusingtheword pointtoseparatetheyearsandmonths(e.g.,achildwhoistwoyearsandninemonthsoldissaidtobe twopointnineyears).  u$      4    _Moreover,ifthecourthadintendedtosentencedefendantto  165months,itsyearsandmonthsconversionwouldhavebeen13.75years,not13.7,asstated.<6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpi- - d !  _TRX3'X3' Letter3' Letter3'T ? * !X]XXXwXX]     X]XwX%XXX][NOTFORPUBLICATION!NOTTOBECITEDASPRECEDENT]#X]XXX%"##wXX]#  UnitedStatesCourtofAppealsw  FortheFirstCircuit @ X%X @ h A') ` dE<s ` A t  No.011289@#UNITEDSTATES,@&Appellee,@tt)v.@JULESDELGADOVALENCIA,@ Defendant,Appellant.A') ` dE<6` A 7 @ APPEALFROMTHEUNITEDSTATESDISTRICTCOURT@ FORTHEDISTRICTOFPUERTORICO@$ $ [Hon._Hctor_ԀM._Laffitte_,U.S.DistrictJudge] t A') ` dE<` A  p @'Before  @@((Boudin,ChiefJudge,   TorruellaandLynch,CircuitJudges. ! A') ` dE<"` A  "Y$       JulesDelgadoValenciaonbriefprose. ">&   GuillermoGil,UnitedStatesAttorney,JorgeE.Vega_Pacheco_, #' AssistantU.S.Attorney,andNelson_Prez_Ԅ_Sosa_,AssistantU.S. $( Attorney,onbriefforappellee.*'ddd Xdd Xdd X(#(#,( dd ,( dd ,( dd +   'B#,  SIV(#-  !@37129 !@S 0& (\#- 0August27,2001 SID*R%0"  !@37129  !@ S(V(#1  (  * !    -(4?  p8&XXdXXd8 =? X XXX%  UNITEDSTATESGOVERNMENT  #X%X XX* #  Xf!XXX  xDyXX#xDyyx` #x9yyxDmemorandum#xDyyx9 #Xf!XXX#Xf!Xyx #Ԁ    p   t ҀXX#" #)Date:#)#Xf!XXX#Xf!X #0  August16,2001(#(# ̀#XXXXf!L#XXXX)XXԀSender:#XX) ##XXXX#Xf!XXX0  ShelleyRyan(617)7484555* z(#(# _~XX#_~d{#XXXXԀ#XXd#)XXԀSubject:#XX)j##XXXX##Xf!XXX0  JulesDelgadoValenciav.UnitedStates (#(#  (   CaseNo.011289#XXXXf!#XXXX)XXԀTo:#XX)##XXXX#  X&XXX%  0  JudgeLynch,WritingJudgeh (#(#    ThisJunesubmittedcaseisanappealfromthedenialofamotionfiledpursuanttoFed.R.Crim.P.36.Rule36allowsforthecorrectionofclericalerrorsincriminaljudgmentsatanytime.AppellantDelgadoValencia( Delgado)contendsthathewasentitledtoRule36reliefbecausethesentencingcourtmadeamathematicalerrorinconvertingayearsandmonthssentenceintomonths.Thegovernmentagreesthemattershouldberemanded,andthepercuriamIofferdoesthat.  Background  @     InOctober1992,Delgadowassentencedondrugchargesafterajurytrial.Atsentencing,thetranscriptshowsthecourtstatedasfollows:  8 ` THECOURT:...TheCourtfindsthatasentenceatthemiddleoftheguidelinerangeissubstantialandsufficienttomeettheobjectiveofsentencing.Iamimposingatermof13.7years,a13yearsandsevenmonthssentence. ` x` x   8 ` MR.RIVERA[defensecounsel]:Howmuch,YourHonor? ` x` x   8 ` THECOURT:Thirteenyearsandsevenmonths,butIllputitinmonths.Therefore,itisthejudgmentofthisCourtthatthedefendantisherebycommittedtothecustodyofthe -(2=  bureauofprisonstobeimprisonedforatermof165monthsastoeachofCountsOneandTwo,saidtermsofimprisonmenttobeservedconcurrentlywitheachother.165months,ifmymathematicsareright,amountsto13.7years;andbecausetheresnoparoleIthinkthatsasufficientsentenceandpunishment.... ` x` x D.Ct.Dkt.#175,attachment.  ThewrittenJudgmentstatedthatthetermofimprisonmentwastobe165months;theclerksnotesfromsentencingalsoshowthatthesentencewastobe165months.Butthirteenyearsandsevenmonthsis163months,not165months.Onehundredsixtyfive H  monthsisthirteenyearsandninemonths,or,expressedindecimalform,13.75months.  Severalyearsafterjudgment,Delgadofiledtheinstantmotion,claimingthatherecentlyhaddiscoveredtheallegedmathematicalerror.Thegovernmentfiledaresponseinwhichitarguedthecourtactuallymayhaveintendedasentenceof165months,butultimatelyittooknopositiononthemotion.ThedistrictcourtdeniedtheRule36motionwithoutcomment.Delgadothenfiledthistimelyappeal.Initsappellatebrief,thegovernmentnowagreesthattheintendedsentenceherewas13yearsandsevenmonths,andsoremandisinorder.  Analysis  %X )     FederalRuleofCriminalProcedure36provides:  8 ` Clericalmistakesinjudgment,ordersorotherpartsoftherecordanderrorsintherecordarisingfromoversightoromissionmaybecorrectedbythecourtatanytimeandaftersuchnotice,ifany,asthecourtorders. ` x` x  `,'2   AsfarasIcantell,thiscourthasnotissuedapublishedopinionsettingoutthestandardofreviewwhenconsideringthedenialofaRule36motion.Othercircuits,though,havedeterminedthatsuchdecisionsarerevieweddenovo,withanyunderlyingfactualfindingsreviewedforclearerror. #  1      ׀SeeUnited  @ Statesv.Burd,86F.3d285,287(2dCir.1996)(denovostandard);    UnitedStatesv.Bergmann,836F.2d1220,1221(9thCir.1988) `  (clearerrorstandardfor historicalfacts,denovoreviewofquestionsoflaw).  Ifthereshouldbeavariancebetweentheoralpronouncementofsentenceandthesentenceassetforthinthewrittenjudgment,theoralsentenceprevails.3CharlesAlanWright,FederalPracticeandProcedureCrim.2d534(1982).ThisrulederivesfromtheConfrontationClauseoftheSixthAmendmentandtheDueProcessClauseoftheFifthandFourteenthAmendments.United  Statesv.Agostino,132F.3d1183,1200(7thCir.1997)(citingFed.  p R.Crim.P.43(a))( Thedefendantshallbepresent...attheimpositionofsentence....). Thewrittenjudgmentmayresolveambiguitiesintheoralsentence[]butifthesentenceassetforthinthejudgmentdepartsinamatterofsubstancefromtheoralpronouncementofthesentence,thejudgmentisvoid,thoughsubjecttocorrectionunderRule36.3Wright,supra. % *   Whenthesentencingtranscripthereisviewedasawhole,itseemsapparentthatthecourtmerelymadeamathematicalerrorin (#. convertingtheintendedsentenceintomonths.Thecourtfirststatedthatthesentencewouldbe 13.7years,a13yearsandsevenmonthssentence,astatementwhichobviouslyneededclarifying; 13.7"yearsmighteasilybeinterpretedasanexpressionofthesentenceindecimalform #  2      ,thoughoccasionally  @ onehearsayearsandmonthsterminaccuratelyexpressedthisway.x #  3          Thus,defensecounselimmediatelyasked: Howmuch,YourHonor?Thecourtreplied: Thirteenyearsandsevenmonths,butIllputitinmonths.Thecourtthenstatedthatthesentencewasfor 165months,butlaterqualifiedthatstatementbyitsremark, 165months,ifmymathematicsareright.Ifthecourtdid,infact,intendtosentencedefendantto13yearsandsevenmonths,obviouslyitsmathematicswerenotright.(  #  4      ׀Buttheapparenterror p wasperpetuated,firstbytheclerk,whoseminutesdidnotstatetheintendedsentenceintermofyearsandmonths,butonlystatedthatthesentencewastobe 165months.Thisnumberwasthencarriedovertothewrittenjudgment. P    Isuggestthatthecourtsoralpronouncementwasindeedunambiguous,andthatthecourtintendedtosentenceDelgadoto163monthsimprisonment.Theonlyquestionremaining,then,iswhetherthisisthesortoferrorwhichmaybecorrectedatanytimepursuanttoRule36.  ClearlytheerrormaybecorrectednowunderRule36.Thatruleappliestoclericalormechanicalerrors,ratherthansubstantiveerrors. [A]clericalerrormustnotbeoneofjudgmentorevenofmisidentification,butmerelyofrecitation,ofthesortthataclerkoramanuensismightcommit,mechanicalinnature.UnitedStatesv.Werber,51F.3d342,347(2dCir.1995) P (quotingUnitedStatesv.Guevremont,829F.2d423,426(3dCir. 0 1987)). Ifadefendantisinfactarguingthathisproblemliesinthetranslationfromthedistrictcourtsoriginalsentencetotheformalwrittencommitmentorder,thenRule36applies....UnitedStatesv.Becker,36F.3d708,710n.2(7thCir.1994).If  p acorrectionrequiresnomorethan substitutingarightnumberforawrongnumber,UnitedStatesv.Burd,86F.3d285,288(2dCir. @" 1996),Rule36applies.Butifacorrectionseeks toeffectuate[thecourts]unexpressedintentionsatthetimeofsentencing,id.,Rule36doesnotapply. #@(   Itseemsclearthatthecourtintendedtosentencedefendanttoatermof13yearsandsevenmonthsandthatRule36wouldallowthesubstitutionoftherightnumber(163months)forthewrongnumber(165months).Accordingly,Isuggesttheattachedpercuriam. +'2   IconsideredinsteadremandingwithdirectionstothedistrictcourttomakefindingsoffactinsupportofadecisiongrantingordenyingtheRule36motion.Isuspectthatthedistrictcourtonlydeniedthemotionbecausethegovernmentdidnotinitiallyassenttoit,andIwouldexpectthatonremandthedistrictcourtmostlikelywouldreconsiderandallowthemotion(thoughonecannotbecertainthiswouldhappen).Giventhatthecourtsoriginalintentseemssoclear,though,theapproachIsuggestseemsmoreefficient.      x=     =f!Xdd=   8&XXdXXd8  P YX .h)5=  -(4=  P Per_Curiam_ .Upontheagreementoftheparties,and  afterathoroughreviewoftherecordandofthesubmissions,wereversethedistrictcourtsorderdenyingappellantJulesDelgadoValencias( Delgados)motionforreliefpursuanttoFed.R._Crim_.P.36,andwevacatethejudgmentandremandwithinstructionstoamendthesentenceaccordingly. P Atsentencing,thecourtunambiguouslystatedthatDelgadostermofimprisonmentwastobe 13yearsandsevenmonths.Itthenattemptedtoconvertthattermintomonths,butitadmittedthatitsconversionmightbemathematicallyerroneous;andasitturnsout,itwaserroneous,andtheerrorwasrepeatedinthewrittenjudgment. Ifthereshouldbeavariancebetweentheoralpronouncementofsentenceandthesentenceassetforthinthewrittenjudgment,theoralsentenceprevails.3CharlesAlanWright,FederalPracticeandProcedure_Crim_.2d534(1982).ThemathematicalerrormaybecorrectedpursuanttoamotionunderRule36.Id. P   P ThedistrictcourtsdenialoftheFed.R._Crim_.P. " 36motionisreversed,thejudgmentinthismatterisvacated,andthecaseisremandedtothedistrictcourtwithinstructionstoamendthejudgmenttoshowthatDelgadoistobeimprisonedforatermof163months. % !*  P #XXXX*#