ÿWPC¤- zòO•êüÄxL0À4y5>Ìè×-\O2Öx]`¯Ïû&šðqI–l˜ùF+uf\`ÿÏï?¨|´g©I6‡%Ñ>ž`{è?0¨AŽ Óø‚¤­ O‘‚9>ç-¤Ê#''CÞÌÒ˜øˆ.Ï ÕàýÉâašN$æYex°e‚ ¿ˆfCÆ*¯37/j»VÛ —$ÜÕÏ4‘Ú E -N—t¥[éç@•[(SkãÆ{,<Ì^I[¶gÙE ÿÐc9Øa|´¨e|ìoU*ru)1MX+!ÔkêÚ%!Ù~)üîù‡ª9(áÊÿÆ‚4PAôTéW%ܹįÒ꫸Š+Y#Y ÅHµ)ªÕU©H£¹V—ÃDxaåÅ¿y¬%ÏGT*o½‹ô`ü”§ç•fµóíf©£ù¨aïqÜ*Å|ªBç|{©’Øß«b.Æ_M“ÕMí Q1öÿò¾AÜ4-8#9nñû(Gü?fgëì?Áÿtë”íiì˜Àsà?—aOÑX %E 0(K U:s s s ^ ­ w¹ 4½ Ñ à 0Dâ b& 0D. . br Ez m| N“ “ “ x• ’    ?ŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸŸ8Þ B----------- 0n6-˜HP LaserJet 5/5M - StandardÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0<èÀ( 9Z+&Courier RegularX($¡¡,°À`   "CG Times Bold—-s Gt”-‚ ‚ÐHŠ3|x!(3¯$©©Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý- ù-(Ã$òòÚ  Ú*Ú  Úóó- ù-ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ nÝ ƒ„B$ÝÓ  ÓòòÚ  Ú3Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝÔ_ÔFor€example,€immediate€consideration€of€"fairness"€might€push€inÐ ° Ðone€direction;€in€the€other,€the€long„term€cost€of€unpredictabilityÐ †Ö Ðleading€in€turn€to€increased€difficulty€in€negotiating€even€moreÐ \¬ Ðdetailed€provisions.€€Another€factor,€which€might€cut€either€way,Ð 2‚ Ðmight€be€the€practice€in€the€industry.€€Yet€another€would€be€howÐ X Ðfar€the€particular€equities€urged€still€had€some€connection€withÐ Þ. Ðthe€statutory€language. ˆÝ ƒ„B$ÝÓ  ÓòòÚ  Ú4Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝÔ_ÔOther€decisions€include€òòEastern€Associated€Coal€Corp.óó€v.€òòUnitedÐ ° ÐMine€Workersóó,€531€U.S.€57€(2000),€and€òòMajor€League€Baseball€PlayersÐ †Ö ÐAss'nóó€v.€òòÔ_ÔGarveyÔ_Ôóó,€532€U.S.€504€(2001).€€In€òòEasternóó,€531€U.S.€at€60,Ð \¬ Ð67,€the€Court€affirmed€the€arbitrator's€award€because€€theÐ 2‚ Ðarbitrator€did€not€find€"just€cause"€for€discharge,€and€theÐ X Ðparties,€by€agreement,€entrusted€the€remedial€decision€to€theÐ Þ. Ðarbitrator.€€In€òòÔ_ÔGarveyÔ_Ôóó,€532€U.S.€at€510,€the€Court€held€that€anÐ ´  Ðarbitrator's€award€could€not€be€set€aside€because€of€a€court'sÐ Š Ú Ðdisagreement€with€the€arbitrator's€factual€findings. 5Ý ƒ„B$ÝÓ  ÓòòÚ  Ú5Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝÔ_ÔAlternatively,€remand€to€the€arbitrator€would€be€preferable€toÐ ° Ðreversal.€€"[Ô_ÔW]hereÔ_Ô€the€basis€for€an€arbitrator's€decision€isÐ †Ö Ðunclear,€but€the€arbitrator's€opinion€suggests€that€the€decisionÐ \¬ Ðdoes€not€draw€its€essence€from€the€collective€bargaining€agreement,Ð 2‚ Ðremand€is€appropriate€to€have€the€arbitrator€clarify€the€basis€forÐ X  Ðhis€or€her€decision."€€òòYoung€Radiator€Co.óó€v.€òòInt'l€Union,€UAWóó,€734Ð ° ÐF.2d€321,€326€n.5€(7th€Cir.€1984);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòLabor€Relations€Div.€ofÐ †Ö ÐConstr.€Indus.€of€Mass.,€Inc.óó€v.€òòInt'l€Bhd.€of€Teamstersóó,€29€F.3dÐ \¬ Ð742,€747€(1st€Cir.€1994)(remand€appropriate€when€arbitrator€mayÐ 2‚ Ðhave€exceeded€his€authority);€òòRandallóó€v.€òòLodge€No.€1076,€Int'lÐ X ÐAss'n€of€Machinistsóó,€648€F.2d€462,€468€(7th€Cir.€1981)(same). .Ý ƒ„B$ÝÓ  ÓòòÚ  Ú1Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝÔ_ÔIn€òòGeorgia„Pacificóó,€the€agreement€in€issue€provided€that:Ð ° ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAny€employee€may€be€discharged€for€just€cause.Ð \¬ ÐWithout€limiting€the€generality€of€theÐ 2‚ Ðforegoing€some€of€the€causes€for€immediateÐ X Ðdischarge€are:ÐÞ.` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à.€.€.д ` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(5)€dishonestyЊ Ú` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à.€.€.€òòGeorgia„Pacificóó,€864€F.2d€at€942.Ð` °` x` x ÐÌThe€arbitrator€in€òòGeorgia„Pacificóó€found€that€an€employee€hadÐ  \  Ðengaged€in€an€act€of€dishonesty€subjecting€him€to€discipline.€Ð â 2  ÐHowever,€the€arbitrator€then€overruled€the€company's€decision€toÐ ¸   Ðterminate€the€employee,€based€in€part€upon€the€employee's€overallÐ ° Ðemployment€record.€€This€Court€found€that€the€arbitrator€had€noÐ †Ö Ðdiscretion€to€impose€his€own€remedy€once€he€found€that€the€employeeÐ \¬ Ðwas€guilty€of€dishonesty.€€€Looking€at€the€agreement,€we€concludedÐ 2‚ Ðthat€"[i]t€is€difficult€to€imagine€how€one€could€use€the€EnglishÐ X Ðlanguage€to€state€more€clearly€that€dishonesty€leads€to€immediateÐ Þ. Ðdischarge€than€is€stated€in€[the€agreement]."€€òòId.óó€at€946€(citationÐ ´  Ðand€quotation€omitted). ùÝ ƒ„B$ÝÓ  ÓòòÚ  Ú2Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝÔ_ÔThe€Union€asserts€that€instead€of€applying€òòGeorgia„Pacificóó,€ourÐ ° Ðanalysis€ought€to€be€guided€by€òòÔ_ÔKeeblerÔ_Ô€Co.óó€v.€òòTruck€Drivers,€LocalÐ †Ö Ð170óó,€247€F.3d€8€(1st€Cir.€2001)€(holding€that€an€arbitrator'sÐ \¬ Ðdecision€that€conduct€did€not€constitute€gross€insubordination€drewÐ 2‚ Ðits€essence€from€the€contract)€and€òòCrafts€Precision€Industries€Inc.óóÐ X Ðv.€òòLodge€No.€1836óó,€889€F.2d€1184€(1st€Cir.€1989)€(upholding€anÐ Þ. Ðarbitrator's€determination€that€some€types€of€insubordinationÐ ´  Ðwarrant€discharge€while€other€less€serious€instances€may€warrantÐ Š Ú Ðonly€suspension).€€We€disagree.€There€are€two€key€issuesÐ ` ° Ðdistinguishing€this€case€from€the€rule€of€law€established€inÐ 6 †  ÐòòÔ_ÔKeeblerÔ_Ôóó€and€òòCrafts€Precisionóó.Ð  \  ÐÌ€€€First,€as€we€explained€in€òòÔ_ÔKeeblerÔ_Ôóó,€òòÔ_ÔKeeblerÔ_Ôóó€does€not€apply€where,Ð ¸  Ðas€is€the€case€here,€"the€arbitrator€unambiguously€found€that€theÐ ŽÞ  ÐÔ_ÔgrievantÔ_Ô€had€committed€€conduct€listed€in€his€employment€agreementÐ d´  Ðas€grounds€for€termination."€€òòÔ_ÔKeeblerÔ_Ôóó,€247€F.3d€at€14€n.2.Ð :Š  ÐÌ€€Second,€the€language€of€the€collective€bargaining€agreementsÐ æ6 Ðinvolved€in€both€òòÔ_ÔKeeblerÔ_Ôóó€and€òòCrafts€Precisionóó€was€substantiallyÐ ¼  Ðmore€open€and€ambiguous€than€the€contract€language€in€òòGeorgia„Ð ’â ÐPacificóó,€òòWarrenóó€and€the€instant€case.€€As€we€explained€in€òòCraftsÐ h¸ ÐPrecisionóó,€the€question€of€whether€an€arbitrator€exceeded€hisÐ >Ž Ðauthority€will€often€turn€on€whether€the€agreement€delegated€open„Ð d Ðended€discretion€to€the€arbitrator,€or€instead,€whether€theÐ ê: Ðagreement€expressly€provided€that€certain€types€misconduct€shallÐ À Ðconstitute€just€cause€for€discharge.€€òòCrafts€Precisionóó,€889€F.2€atÐ –æ Ð1185;€òòcompareóó€òòÔ_ÔKeeblerÔ_Ôóó,€247€F.3d€at€12„13€(noting€that€the€agreementÐ l¼ Ðexpressly€required€arbitrator€to€distinguish€between€òògrossóóÐ B’ Ðinsubordination,€which€would€be€subject€to€immediate€discharge,Ð h Ðfrom€less€serious€instances€of€insubordination,€which€would€not);Ð î> Ðòòandóó€òòCraft€Precisionóó,€889€F.2d€at€1185„86€(noting€that€the€agreementÐ Ä Ðvested€the€employer€and€arbitrator€with€the€discretion€toÐ šê Ðdistinguish€conduct€that€"òòmayóó€result€in€suspension"€from€conductÐ pÀ   Ðthat€warrants€discharge)€òòwithóó€òòGeorgia„Pacificóó,€864€F.2d€at€942Ð ° Ð(involving€a€contract€which€provided€that€any€"employee€may€beÐ †Ö Ðdischarged€for€just€cause"€and€then€expressly€listed€€dishonesty€asÐ \¬ Ð"one€of€the€causes€for€immediate€discharge").€€The€language€in€theÐ 2‚ Ðinstant€agreement€is€nearly„identical€to€that€of€òòGeorgia„Pacificóó€inÐ X Ðthat€it€enumerates€misconduct€which€may€warrant€discharge€withoutÐ Þ. Ðwarning.€€That€is,€it€provides€that€"just€cause€for€discharge€òòshallÐ ´  Ðincludeóó€.€.€.€insubordination."€(Emphasis€added).€Unlike€òòÔ_ÔKeeblerÔ_ÔóóÐ Š Ú Ðand€òòCrafts„Precisionóó,€the€instant€agreement€lacks€any€language€thatÐ ` ° Ðwould€authorize€an€arbitrator€to€distinguish€between€degrees€ofÐ 6 †  Ðinsubordination,€or€permit€an€arbitrator€to€select€from€a€varietyÐ  \  Ðof€disciplinary€remedies. d(+2B$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÓ  ÓòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó€€Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€XàÞXXXÔÔ€°L¢°XXàÞÔÑ€ÑÑ8€(bXXdÖdÈ8ÑÑ  ÑÙ*ƒ!Ùà@4 4 ìàUnited€States€Court€of€AppealsˆÐ ° ÐÔ€„\¾„°°L¢Ôà@   ìàFor€the€First€CircuitˆÐ „Ô ÐÌÔ€„Ž#„„„\¾ÔÔ€X(bX„„Ž#ÔßA€y) °°` dE<C ` AßÐ D ” ÐÌÌNo.€02„1064Ð ÿ O ÐÌà@Ô Ô ìàPOLAND€SPRING€CORPORATION,ˆÐ « û ÐÌà@<< ìàPlaintiff,€Appellee,ˆÐ W§  ÐÌà@tt)ìàv.ˆÐ S  ÐÌà@ìàUNITED€FOOD€AND€COMMERCIAL€WORKERS€INTERNATIONAL€UNION,ˆÐ ¯ÿ  Ðà@LLìàAFL„CIO„CLC,€LOCAL€1445,ˆÐ …Õ  ÐÌà@ ìàDefendant,€Appellant.ˆÐ 1 ÐÌÌßA€y) °°` d³E<²` AßÐ ³ ÐÌà@œ œ ìàAPPEAL€FROM€THE€UNITED€STATES€DISTRICT€COURTˆÐ ˜è ÐÌà@ìàFOR€THE€DISTRICT€OF€MAINEˆÐ D” ÐÌà@Ø Ø ìà[Hon.€D.€Brock€Ô_ÔHornbyÔ_Ô,€òòU.S.€District€Judgeóó]ˆÐ ð@ ÐÌÌßA€y) °°` d³E<q` AßÐ r ÐÌà@„„'ìàBeforeˆÐ W§ ÐÌà@<< ìàBoudin,€òòChief€Judgeóó,ˆÐ  S! ÐÌà@| | ìàTorruella€and€Lynch,€òòCircuit€Judgesóó.ˆÐ ¯!ÿ# ÐÌßA€y) °°` dE<Z#` AßÐ [#«% ÐÌÓ  Óà  àòòWarren€H.€Ô_ÔPyleÔ_Ôóó,€with€whom€òòLara€Ô_ÔSutherlinÔ_Ôóó€and€òòÔ_ÔPyleÔ_Ô,€Rome,Ð @$' ÐÔ_ÔLichtenÔ_Ô€&€Ô_ÔEhrenbergÔ_Ô,€P.C.óó,€were€on€brief,€for€appellant.Ð %f ( Ðà  àòòRichard€R.€Ô_ÔBoisseauÔ_Ôóó,€with€whom€òòAmy€R.€Walkeróó€and€òòÔ_ÔKilpatrickÔ_ÔÐ ì%